As the name suggests, male infertility refers to couples living together after marriage for more than a year without using birth control measures are infertile and the wife took place because of her husband's illness occurred. Detailed local points, in the past was divided into two kinds of male infertility and male infertility.  Male infertility is a husband and wife can pregnancy, but the fetus can not survive the event of miscarriage, stillbirth, etc.; while the male-factor infertility refers to a husband can not make his wife pregnant. At present no longer distinguish between the above two situations in detail, but collectively referred to as male infertility. 
WHO (World Health Organization) are under the sterile defined as: at least 12 months of non-contraceptive sexual history, but have not yet become pregnant.  At present, China generally accepted definition, as follows: at least two years of non-contraceptive sexual history but have not make his wife pregnant. 

Primary infertility refers to a man never to make a woman pregnant, whether the woman is his wife, sexual partners or others.  This in fact is based on the patient's reproductive history to judge, and it is different from the concept of idiopathic infertility, but not referring to unexplained infertility, which is not a primary cause of male infertility diagnosis terminology. This easy-to-be confused and should be identified. 
Secondary infertility refers to a man who makes a woman pregnant, no matter whether she is his current spouse, and regardless of the outcome of pregnancy, while nearly 12 months of non-contraceptive sexual history have not yet been conceived.  In general, men with secondary infertility have a greater likelihood of resumption of fertility.  Therefore, the distinction between primary infertility and secondary infertility is clinically meaningful.

The relative and absolute infertility infertile patients with male infertility is a broad classification, this classification method to determine the therapeutic effect in patients with male infertility and the prognosis significance.
The so-called absolute infertility refers to the complete loss of fertility in patients has been difficult to cure through the current treatment methods.  For such patients, should do ideological work, explain clearly to persuade them to adopt or make use of donated sperm for artificial insemination of others to make his wife pregnant in order to meet the aspirations of raising their children. 
Relative infertility refers to the patient's fertility has been a certain degree of damage and destruction, but not to the full (1) sexual intercourse and / or ejaculation dysfunction, loss of fertility of the point, after a reasonable nursed back to health and treatment, there is also restored fertility hope. For such patients, according to different circumstances, using life guidance, drug therapy, artificial insemination and so on.

Pairs of male infertility There are various classifications. Often under semen test results will be divided into oligospermia male infertility, weak sperm disorder, abnormal sperm disorders, non-sperm psychosis; also be divided into sexual dysfunction, infertility, abnormal sperm infertility no sperm psychosis.  The above classification is not superficial, that is vague and general. To this end, WHO proposed to etiological diagnosis-based classification methods, this classification method is currently the world's most authoritative male infertility diagnostic classification method, which the male infertility are divided into 16 categories:
(1) sexual intercourse and / or ejaculatory dysfunction; (2) immunological etiology; (3) for unknown reasons; (4) simple seminal abnormalities; (5) iatrogenic causes; (6) systemic causes; (7 ) congenital anomaly; (8) acquired testicular damage; (9) varicocele; (10) male accessory gland infections; (11) endocrine causes; (12) of idiopathic oligospermia; (13) Special onset asthenospermia; (14) deformity of idiopathic azoospermia; (15) obstructive azoospermia; (16) with idiopathic azoospermia. 
Idiopathic male infertility include idiopathic oligospermia, idiopathic asthenospermia, idiopathic abnormal sperm disorder and idiopathic azoospermia four. It refers to male infertility in patients unless there are abnormal sperm, the remaining cases were normal, while patients with unexplained sperm abnormalities and therefore I called idiopathic male infertility. For example, idiopathic oligospermia semen examination entails only a reduction in the number of sperm was found, but testicular volume, function, endocrine function, and other semen Deng Jun normal.  The reasons for the reduction in the number of sperm is unknown, once found the reasons for the reduction of sperm, no longer called idiopathic oligospermia.
In the WHO diagnostic classification of the causes of male infertility, there is one category is "unexplained" male infertility. Some people often confuse it with idiopathic male infertility difference. Idiopathic male infertility, such as the above-mentioned concept is defined as the root causes of the disease although the patient is unknown, but because its surface is known, such as low sperm, weak sperm and so on.The unexplained male infertility refers to patients of all examinations are normal, not only the underlying causes of disease is unknown, and even the surface of the reasons they did not find, therefore, it is completely "unexplained."

In the past, people often put the blame of infertility of women, but do not realize the importance of male fertility. In recent years, with the rapid development of medical science and the continuous improvement of human knowledge, more and more signs that the male infertility by no means rare.
As the saying goes: "One takes two to tango."  After marriage, infertility, couples have half of the responsibility. Data show that in infertile couples, because of male factors, about 40% ~ 50%.  Worldwide are currently 50 million to 80 million people suffer from infertility, male infertility patients in which there is 20000000-40000000. In addition, each year about two million pairs of new infertile couples emerged in recent years, this number is still increasing.  Can be seen, must pay attention to male infertility medical work.
It was predicted that male infertility with cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the 21st century, along with the three major diseases.

The normal male sexual function including sexual desire, penile erection, sexual intercourse, orgasm and ejaculation, such as passion a number of links, which took place either a link barrier, can affect the sexual life, known as male sexual dysfunction. 
Male sexual dysfunction can be divided into functional and organic categories, in which the function accounted for the vast majority of sexual dysfunction, usually by the abnormal sexual habits (such as masturbation, onanism, sexual excess, etc.) and non-normal mental state (such as tension, fear, over-excitement, extreme fatigue, etc.) caused by; while organic sexual dysfunction is more rare, more common in spinal cord injury, genital and groin surgery, urinary genital tract inflammation and systemic diseases such as diabetes, etc. situation.Some systemic diseases can damage male fertility, thus leading to male infertility.  For example, diabetes and some neurological disorders can lead to impotence and abnormal ejaculation, but also harm sperm production and vice-gonadal function, causing infertility; tubercular epididymitis and prostatitis can affect sperm transport, causing infertility; renal function failure, liver disease, and other less common metabolic diseases, can cause male infertility.  In addition, due to alcohol abuse caused by multiple organ systemic diseases, such as alcoholic hepatitis, indirect damage to the testicles, leading to infertility. The impact of heat on male infertility can not be ignored, more than 38 ° C for heat suppression of spermatogenesis can last up to 6 months.  However, different diseases, different disease conditions and duration of the harm caused by different degrees, for example, a severe high fever caused by malaria is much greater than the harm caused by the impact of an influenza.  Mumps orchitis and the typical between the close contact.  After puberty, due to mumps orchitis complicated by acquired testicular damage was caused by one of the causes of male infertility, the incidence rate as high as 15% ~ 25%.  The incidence of mumps orchitis often 4 to 7 days after emergence, resulting in mild testicular atrophy, progressive fibrosis, so that lower fertility.  Occurred after the mumps orchitis complicated by the restoration of fertility are also differences, some patients have sustained infertility, while others spermatogenic function of patients to return to take up to two years, completely without fertility only 5% of patients.  Pairs were treated with steroid hormones and treatment of mumps vaccine can protect their fertility. In addition, still need to pay attention, before puberty and did not suffer from mumps orchitis complicated by the men, their fertility is generally not affected.
Male sexual dysfunction such as erectile dysfunction, appeared impotence, erection will not be strong, so that the spouse can not be inserted penis vagina; case of ejaculation disorder, premature ejaculation is there no ejaculation or retrograde ejaculation, so semen can not be discharged into the spouse reproductive tract.  These circumstances, will inevitably lead to sperm meets egg can not be caused by infertility.
People are more familiar with the common male infertility factors, while idiopathic azoospermia and small, weak, distorted understanding of the cause of azoospermia is not enough. In recent years, through the use of cell and molecular biology techniques have revealed that such patients are often the cause gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations, including chromosome abnormalities, two pairs of sperm occurred in such diseases as hereditary diseases.  The incidence of this disease is increasing year by year, now stands at 30%.
Chronic respiratory diseases, including bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis and chronic bronchitis, can cause male infertility.  One of them called cilia move stagnation syndrome, manifested in patients suffering from chronic respiratory diseases in childhood, adulthood, their abnormal sperm tail cilia, sperm swimming ability of the former weak, and some only in their original swing. Through the electron microscope found that the sperm tail abnormalities of cilia structure changes, also found that the respiratory mucosa ciliated cells on the structure of an exception occurs.  Therefore, this infertility is due to abnormal result of ciliated cells. 
Have an important inside the scrotum of male reproductive organs - testes and epididymis, scrotum can be directly affected by post-traumatic impact of the testis and epididymis, thereby affecting fertility.  However, the trauma caused by the testes is rare infertility, scrotal parts of the more common minor injuries, but damage in general is unlikely to cause infertility.  If accompanied by tissue damage after trauma, such as the Ministry of hematoma in the scrotum, there Hematospermia, hematuria, etc., it must attract attention.  Scrotum after trauma, if testicular atrophy, then a strong indication of their fertility had an impact, in particular, is a serious injury, even if the damage of the side of the testis, is also very important, because it can damage the blood-testis barrier, inducing anti-sperm antibodies, can lead to infertility.

Varicocele in young men have a higher prevalence, according to 1971 reported in 1072 6 to 19-year-old school students, physical examination found that 188 6 ~ 9-year-old boy had no varicocele , and 831 10 to 19-year-olds there are 136 people have left varicocele, accounting for 16.12%.  Moreover, varicocele caused infertility is not uncommon, as early as 1880, a British surgeon who first suggested that varicocele may cause male infertility, but the cause of infertility has yet to fully understand the mechanism of may be related to the following factors: 
(1) The temperature of the scrotum varicocele, due to the internal spermatic vein blood Yu Zhi, the scrotum can cause the temperature rise, higher than the normal average of 0.6 ℃, thus affecting sperm production.
(2) Nutrition disorders due to venous flow Yu Zhi, testis, epididymis blood circulation affected, they need nutrition and a lack of oxygen supply, thus affecting spermatogenesis.
(3) testicular endocrine dysfunction due to local temperature inside the scrotum, testicular blood supply and oxygen supply shortage will inevitably affect the testicular seminiferous tubules in stromal cells of the endocrine function, thus interfering with spermatogenesis.

Common sexually transmitted diseases are syphilis, gonorrhea, lymphogranuloma, chlamydia, mycoplasma infection, non-specific urethritis and so on, these patients also susceptible to HIV, AIDS combined.
Sexually transmitted diseases through the following means damage to male reproductive function, causing male infertility: 
(1) cause inflammation, injury of the epididymis, resulting in obstructive azoospermia.
(2)-induced production of anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb).
(3) induced urethritis, leading to urethral stenosis and ejaculation dysfunction.

Carried out after any surgery, may temporarily suppress the patient's reproductive function, especially the implementation of the general anesthesia surgery.
The following procedure is even more direct impact on the male reproductive function: 
Baby urethral valve surgery, chronic prostatitis implemented resection of the prostate, urethra obstruction of bladder neck incision in force, the above procedure may cause retrograde ejaculation, leading to infertility.
Urethral stricture repair may lead to injection of sperm stored in the urethra of a relaxation area mixed with urine.
The purposes of hypospadias, epispadias, bladder exstrophy reconstruction surgery, etc., will affect the function of male ejaculation.
Hernia repair may damage the vas deferens, resulting in partial or complete obstruction of the vas deferens, and even produce anti-sperm antibodies destroy male reproductive function; the purposes of hydrocele surgery and other genital and groin after surgery may also happen. 
Vasectomy is a surgical obstruction leading to the most common cause, but also could result in anti-sperm antibodies. 
Lymph node dissection, or a large retroperitoneal surgery, are likely to occur lumbar sympathectomy has been removed, resulting in ejaculation dysfunction, retrograde ejaculation or no ejaculation occurred, leading to infertility.

Often take a number of drugs may cause temporary or permanent damage to the sperm production. Common are the West microphones for PI, sulfasalazine, spironolactone, Furadantin, Niger Rieter zole, colchicine and a variety of hormonal drugs, such as: high-dose corticosteroids, androgen, estrogen, progesterone, androgen antagonists, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist agent. In addition, cancer chemotherapy drugs also affect male fertility in an important category.  Because testicular cancer, Hodgkin's disease and so the use of chemotherapy drugs, which contains some of the alkyl compounds often leads to irreversible damage to reproductive function, and thus genital area to radiation could also lead to stagnation of sperm irreversibly occur, resulting in infertility .
If the male infertility patients who have been taking the above-mentioned certain drugs should be considered safe and gradual withdrawal, or to switch to other pairs of sexual function and semen quality, non-hazardous drugs, such as acetylsalicylic acid substitution with sulfasalazine.

Phimosis refers to the foreskin of the penis long, tight, tightly wrap the glans, small openings, only revealing urethral urethral mouth or even the mouth is difficult to expose.  This situation is not treated, to adolescence will be tied tight foreskin glans of the development, also cause difficulties in urinating and ejaculation difficulties, hidden in Smegma likely to cause penile cancer. These circumstances will inevitably affect male reproductive function. Therefore, circumcision should be OK as soon as possible.  Simple operation, damage is small, rapid postoperative recovery without having to worry about the impact of ejaculation ability to no longer impact on male reproductive function.
Hydrocele is divided into two kinds of primary and secondary, the former for reasons unknown function may be related to sheath will reduce the absorption of the liquid; the latter more a result of the testis and epididymitis disorders, tumors and trauma arising from the onset is slow, mostly within a unilateral scrotal mass gradually increases, accompanied by a sense of the scrotum falling, more fluid can affect the larger walking and sex life.  Hydrocele of the scrotum showed enlarged, oval in shape, smooth surface, there are capsule sexy, no adhesion with the scrotal skin, testis, epididymis difficult to touch, scrotal skin color to normal, translucent test positive, the puncture can be removed from liquid.  Hydrocele testis before puberty little effect on male fertility, but after puberty, serious adverse hydrocele of the testis to the age of reproduction can cause male infertility. This is because too much into a hydrocele of the penis within the tumor, affecting normal sex life; the same time, can be oppressive hydrocele testis, affecting the normal spermatogenic function.  Therefore, as soon as possible surgery.  Before puberty or surgery in patients treated with adult spermatogenesis are mostly normal, does not affect fertility.

Radiation refers to radioactive material or devices to stimulate artificially generated beams, widely used in medicine is the X line, known as X-rays, such as X-ray machine for inspection, CT machine, as well as radiation therapy machine. In addition, there used radium, cobalt produced by γ-ray, as usual, said the γ knives.
Radiation hazards on human hematopoietic system has been well known. Similarly, the radiation on male fertility is also a great harm.  Testis significant sensitivity to radiation, such as small-dose or occasionally receiving radiation, spermatogenesis will be some impact, but can still be restored; If we accept the large doses of radiation, may cause unrecoverable damage to spermatogenic cells, causing male infertility.  Who are engaged in radiation work without attention to protection of personnel, radiation can cause germ cell chromosome aberration, or even cause severe spermatogenic damage, which can cause fetal malformations, miscarriage, premature birth and infertility and so on. Frequent radiological examination or treatment, will also impact on male fertility.  Therefore, the child-bearing age men should pay attention to protection in this area of knowledge to learn as much as possible to avoid receiving excessive radiation radiation. 

A normal semen liquefaction at the time of injection the state immediately after the formation of massive jelly or condensate, after 5 ~ 20 minutes resumed liquefaction.  Beginning of a liquefied state is to facilitate ejaculation, and then into a jelly is to enable the sperm to stay inside the vagina in women but not easily out, and later liquefied semen in order to enable the full activity of the sperm in order along the female reproductive tract to the fallopian tube swimming area, conducive to sperm-egg binding and fertilization.
If the semen is still liquid at 1 hour after injection, then known as semen liquefaction disease.  It includes two kinds of situation in which sperm and semen liquefaction consistency is not too high, both of which showed the semen was jelly or a group long block, thus affecting the movement of sperm, resulting in infertility. 
What reasons can cause liquefaction of the semen does not do? Is generally believed that the secretions of prostate and seminal vesicle involved in semen coagulation and liquefaction processes, seminal vesicle coagulation factors caused by the semen produced by coagulation, while the prostate produces a protein decomposition enzymes, fibrinolytic protease such as semen liquefaction factor to make semen liquefaction. Once the seminal vesicle or prostate inflammation occurred, can place obstacles to the secretion of the above factors, resulting in an increase in coagulation factors or liquefied factor reduction in the formation of semen liquefaction disease. Therefore, the treatment of disorders of semen liquefaction is the key to cure disease, seminal vesicle and prostate. Most patients are cured the disease in the prostate and seminal vesicle, the sperm will be better without liquefaction.

Some patients with male infertility is not the organic causes, but from bad habits, common are: 
(1) The poor state of mind the spirit of a long-term depression, depressed, pessimistic, sad, often causing infertility.  This is due to the impact of the functions of the cerebral cortex, so the body's nervous, endocrine function and spermatogenesis and sexual function Juncheng instability.
(2) the emergence of malnutrition and eating human sperm in the nutrient levels of solidarity, we must intake enough calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, C, E and other substances; if malnutrition or partial eclipse, then the sperm production and quality . And should be eating more milk, eggs, lean meat, fish, fresh fruits and vegetables. 
(3) Long-term wear tights to do three things hazards: ① testicular temperature; ② scrotal thermal sweating blocked, the same temperature so that testes; ③ impede scrotum blood circulation, resulting in testicular blood stasis. And should not be wearing tights of any style.
(4) First of all, tobacco and alcohol, tobacco and alcohol can harm the male sexual function, causing male infertility.  Smoking is causing damage to arteries of men, especially the common atherosclerosis risk factors.  Atherosclerosis, the penile blood pressure index decreased significantly, blood type significantly reduced, and induce impotence.  Drinking alcohol on male sexual function is also very harmful effects. Alcohol can cause gonadal toxicity, seriously damaged Leydig cells, inhibiting testosterone synthesis, so that a lower level of male hormones, leading to severe impotence. Secondly, cigarettes, alcohol can be directly harmed the gonads and sperm.  Testes and other reproductive organs through the poison of alcohol, causing a lower level of serum testosterone, which led to loss of libido, sperm abnormalities, leading to male infertility.  The nicotine in tobacco has reduced sex hormone secretion and the role of anti-sperm.  Sperm dependence gonads, mainly testicular function; the same time, the generation of sperm cells showed rapid proliferation and cell differentiation, maturation, this process requires a lot of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins, while the cigarette smoke concentrates containing cells induced distortion and obstruction lymphocyte DNA synthesis of the material, which in spermatogenesis, mature, and the proportion of abnormal sperm have a significant impact. Studies have shown that smokers the proportion of abnormal sperm in semen is much higher than non-smokers.  Alcohol can affect sperm, persons with chronic alcoholism, 70% of dysplasia, or loss of sperm mobility. Many men from youth cultivated since the days of smoking, drinking habits, over time, become a die-hard "smokers" or "drunkard."  Little do they know this will cause lifelong infertility.
(5) The frequency of hot water bath temperature of the scrotum about lower than normal body temperature 1 ° C, in order to facilitate the formation and development of sperm, frequent hot water bath, so that scrotal temperature rise, affecting sperm formation. 
(6) inappropriate or too frequent intercourse despite the testes to produce hundreds of millions of sperm every day, but the sperm must also be mature in the epididymis where.  After the first ejaculation to be 5 to 7 days to a restoration of fertility of the sperm count. So, too frequent sexual intercourse leading to very limited number of sperm per shot, which can cause infertility. In addition, the interruption of sexual intercourse, masturbation or intercourse over irregular, abnormal sex organs will lead to congestion, are not conducive to sperm production.
(7) regular long-distance bike ride a bike, the seat of oppression just urethra, scrotum, perineum area, long-distance cycling, so that these parts of congestion, can affect the testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles function; the bumpy ride shocks, but also directly harm the testis spermatogenic function.

Semen examination is important to determine male fertility method is a necessary check items of male infertility.  Because the male fertility is mainly reflected in sperm function.  Sperm and eggs of the functions, structure and normal to ensure that sperm-egg binding and fertilization, is the essence of reproductive biology.  The main cellular components of semen that is, sperm, seminal plasma is a protective, nutrition and the role of sperm transport. Semen examination includes a semen volume, sperm motility, sperm density, sperm morphology, etc. From this we can evaluate sperm function. Therefore, in patients with male infertility must do semen.
Human sperm zona-free hamster oocyte test, referred to as SPA, is the detection of sperm function in recent years, the establishment of important ways.  It is with the hamster eggs instead of human eggs to detect human sperm zona-free hamster egg penetration percentage to predict the fertilization ability of human sperm. 
Why use hamster eggs instead of human eggs? We know that evaluation of sperm function there are two main methods: Semen analysis and sperm of the biological tests. Semen analysis has a simple, cheap and fast, etc., but can only be roughly estimated that male fertility can not directly show that the fertilization ability of sperm. The sperm can be more precise biological tests to estimate male fertility, sperm function measured.  The past, such experiments often need to use human eggs, but drawn difficulties, can not serve as conventional methods of detection of sperm function.  With hamster eggs instead of human eggs, take certain measures to remove the zona pellucida after the hamster egg on human sperm also have the ability to accept, thus making it easier for subjects to make this experiment can be widely. 
Hypotonic swelling of human sperm test, referred to as HOS, is the evaluation of the few sperm membrane function in one of the detection method has been increasingly widely used in clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility, and studies.
Sperm represents the reproductive capacities of men, and for a sperm, the sperm membrane function is very important, and sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction, sperm-egg fusion, etc. is directly linked to the reproductive process. Use of HOS can evaluate the integrity of sperm membrane function, this method is simple, economical and reliable. 
The criteria currently used: HOS ≥ 60%, as normal; HOS 50% ~ 59%, between normal and abnormal; HOS <50%, as abnormal.

The naming of male infertility, in some ways, the concept is not like a disease, but more like a sociological term.  Male Infertility is defined as a couple in the sex lives of normal circumstances, failed to become pregnant within a certain period of time. This definition clearly points out a social phenomenon, and did not go into details about the nature of their internal medicine.  Thus, the concept of male infertility, from a sociological point of view the definition, and can not be considered a disease diagnosis. 
From the medical point of view to analyze the male infertility, you will find a variety of causes of male infertility, the World Health Organization (WHO) has divided it into 16 categories.  These 16 categories are actually independent of each other 16 kinds of diseases, they are in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, to the target organ of treatment, no similarities.  From this perspective, male infertility should be a syndrome, which includes a variety of diseases.  Therefore, only a clinical diagnosis of male infertility is not enough, must be clear what kind of male infertility diagnosis is only beneficial to the treatment and prognosis. 

Traditional Chinese medicine, male infertility is called "no child", "no issue" on the causes of infertility have a more profound understanding of, a representative for the "Five No's men." "Five No Man" first appeared in the "saver's Day to" later Tang Wang Bing's "mysterious beads secret code" and the Ming Dynasty foolproof "Hirotsugu Minutes" has included the "five no man" means "days, leakage, bullock, cowardly, and change. " 
"Heaven" is a generally refers to male genitalia, such as congenital defects in the testis.  "Leakage" refers to the 16-year-old man was spared but excellent off Without a solid, often self nocturnal emission, or middle-aged to rely on a serious gonorrhea, affecting sperm survival.  "Bullock" refers to the penis and testicles were castrated. "Cowardly" refers to impotence and other sexual dysfunction. "Change" refers to both sexes deformities, commonly known as "yin and yang" and "sub-2 instrument." 
In addition, the medical cause of male infertility, as well as "six disease" argument.  Qing Chen Duo "Syndrome were recorded," said: "Where the men not to give birth there were six patients. 6 What is sick? A fine cold, two gas decline, three sputum, four-phase Huosheng, five fine rare, six qi." Which , fine cold, poor semen quality sperm are scarce; gas decline, sputum, compared with Huosheng refer to the reproductive organs insufficiency caused by dysfunction; qi refers to the emotions and pent-up emotion, affect fertility. 
Chinese medicine has a long history of male infertility diagnosis and treatment, many of the ancient physicians have had brilliant exposition.  Looking above, the ancient physicians put great emphasis on internal causes of male infertility disease, pathogenic role, in order to permit the trial to explore the main body organs due to internal changes, in the search for disease advocates are virtual machine-based, in order to Xie Sheng for the times, which caused wasting accounted for a considerable proportion of infertility.  Its main dialectical type: ① kidney, including kidney yin deficiency, lack of kidney-yang, kidney yin and yang deficiency, and Kidney essence deficiency; ② Kang Sheng-fire; ③ temper weakness; ④ qi and blood deficiency; ⑤ qi Yu hysteresis; ⑥ hot and humid place bets; ⑦ Hanning hepatic veins and so on.  Can be seen, the ancient physicians believed that deficiency is the major syndromes of male infertility, particularly in kidney as the core. Doctors Sun Ssu Tang said, "no mortal child, when husband and wife and have made five workers 7 loss, sickness induced by virtual lean"; his contemporaries nest yuan also believed that "the main bone marrow and the possession of kidney essence, Consumption From Shenqi weak, so the semen is also less. "
Kidney deficiency is the medical term. Traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine, anatomy Kidney said the concept of kidney completely different, do not be confused. Chinese medicine, kidney essence, in order to innate book, then the whole body growth and development of kidney essence Chongsheng well, energetic, natural and normal reproductive function.  Once the Kidney essence deficiency, systemic functional status is low, easily lead to infertility.  Therefore, the performance of the majority of infertility patients with varying degrees of kidney deficiency. 
However, not only the kidney can cause infertility, others such as liver qi Yu Zhi, hot and humid place bets, qi and blood deficiency, blood stasis, Hanning hepatic veins, Phlegm-heat inside the barricade, also can cause male infertility.  So, for infertile men should not be any diagnosis of kidney deficiency.  Chinese medicine the emphasis is on syndrome differentiation should be based on patients with different clinical manifestations to determine the card type, and thus confirm the diagnosis.  That does not distinguish actual situation, Lan Fu tonic practice is harmful. 
The above pairs of male infertility due to a broad and deep understanding of the ancient physicians created by a large number of prescription treatment of infertility, which typically include: ① kidney impotence categories: Jingguishenqi pill, Tsan Yuk Dan , right Gui Wan, Morinda balls; ② nourishing kidney yin categories: Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, Zuo Gui Wan, Tai yin tonic balls; ③ kidney Tianjing categories: Wu Zi Yan Zong Wan, Qibao Meiran Dan, 10 sub-balls; ④ Ziyin Reduce Pathogenic Fire categories: Zhibai Dihuang Wan, nourishing Yin Di Huang balls; ⑤ replenishing qi and blood groups: Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, less Dan, Yulin beads; ⑥ kidney Gujing categories: Jinsuo Gujing pills, Sancai Fengsuidan so.  ⑦ Kiyotoshi Humidity categories: Longdanxiegan Pills (soup); ⑧ Shugan Qi categories: open-Yu Zhong-Yu Tang; ⑨ Huoxue Tongluo categories: Xuefuzhuyu soup, Shaofuzhuyu soup.
The above prescription, if syndrome differentiation, is more curative. But under the guidance of a doctor to use, not to put their drug test. 
Wu Zi Yan Zong Wan originated in the Tang Dynasty, according to research, the earliest documented in the Taoist "hanging solution was recorded," a book dedicated to the book there is Zhang Guo Shou Xuanzong of the five sub-cents side, that is, the original Wu Zi Yan Zong Wan. Wu Zi Yan Zong Wan entire side from wolfberry fruit, dodder seed, raspberries, Schisandra, Plantago composed of five kinds of Chinese medicine. Wolfberry fruit, dodder seed can spermatogenic kidney, raspberries, Schisandra Kerun essence of Blood, plus diuretic Gushen Plantain seed.  To fill the whole side has kidney essence, Shu-li Shenqi, the kinds of heir Yan Zong Gong, for male infertility has a good effect, known as "ancient and modern seeds of the first party." 
In recent years, medical experts have carried out a study and found that it treatment of kidney deficiency, infertility, impotence and premature aging, fine cold without children, spermatorrhea Hua Xie, Yu Lek urine and other illnesses, often associated with Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, Bu Zhong Yi Qi soup combination. Modern medical study found that Wu Zi Yan Zong Wan protection of spermatogenesis to regulate the hypothalamus - pituitary - gonadal axis function, anti-aging, lowering blood sugar, antioxidant free radicals, enhance immune function and so on.Wu Zi Yan Zong pill for the treatment of male infertility is indeed an important prescriptions. 

Male infertility treatment, the need to do systemic and local examination, the purpose is to identify the cause of infertility causes and treatment. 
Medical check-up, including height, weight, blood pressure measurement, as well as observation of male secondary sex characteristics, such as size, hair distribution (focus on beards, armpit, pubic hair), with or without breast feminine, with or without olfactory abnormalities.  Also carried out inspection of various systems, pay attention to discovering whether the endocrine system, circulatory, respiratory, digestive system, nervous system abnormalities. Where possible impact on fertility of the disease should be attention.
Local examination mainly for genital examination.  Generally upright or supine patient, the doctor to check for abnormal reproductive organs, including the scrotum is normal, testicular size, location and morphology, epididymal and vas deferens, or whether the absence of nodules, with or without varicocele, with or without sheath membrane effusions.  Necessary, to do DRE checks the prostate, seminal vesicle. It should also check whether the penis deformity, phimosis, sclerosis, urethral abnormalities, and so whether or mouth.
Through the above checks, you can find some clues to the disease in order to make further laboratory tests. 

Male infertility, testicular biopsy is an important detection method, through the observation of testicular biopsy can be directly estimated testicular spermatogenic function and degree of impaired spermatogenesis, and testicular steroid hormone synthetic ability, valuation and provides visual information on fertility to treatment options and prognosis are also important basis.
Testicular biopsy in testicular volume and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels of normal and can not be explained in azoospermia patients has been conducted, but also can be used when suspected of having testicular cancer.  For the generalization of the Sertoli cell-only syndrome or the seminiferous tubules and transparent kind of change in patients whose disease is difficult to detect, and its elevated levels of serum FSH, so unnecessary testicular biopsy.

Western medicine treatment of male infertility there are many, but should be selected according to different indications can not be blind to use. Categorized as follows:
(1) enhanced sperm motility, prolong their survival time of drugs: 
Arginine is the metabolic process of sperm required for a substance 4 grams a day orally.
ATP provides the energy metabolism of sperm cells and increase the vitality of the sperm once a day, intramuscular injection of 20 mg. 
Kallikrein-kinin metabolism in the human body to participate in the process of sperm production, and enhance the vitality of sperm.  Once a day, oral 600IU, or per-40IU intramuscularly, 3 times a week. 
(2) adjusting and stimulating the human spermatogenesis of drugs:
Clomiphene is a anti-estrogen drugs, adapted to serum FSH, LH content in low or normal in patients with oligospermia.  On serum FSH, LH, and higher in patients with azoospermia does not apply.
Tamoxifen (Taxmoxifen) is also anti-estrogen drugs for unexplained infertility, reproductive tract caused by inflammation or long-term varicocele infertility. 
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LHRH) for idiopathic oligospermia patients. 
(3) in the treatment of reproductive tract infections drugs:
Mostly antibiotics, reproductive tract infections may be based on the type and site selection of pathogens and effective drugs.

There are some male infertility in patients with organic lesions, can not be resolved through drugs, but to take surgical treatment approach.  There are the following categories: 
(1), genital deformities or developmental abnormalities are common cryptorchidism, urethral stricture, urethral fistula, hypospadias, epispadias, severe Peyronie's psychosis. 
(2), obstructive azoospermia, including the vas deferens, seminal vesicle caused by congenital absence of obstructive azoospermia; vas deferens segmental agenesis; Iatrogenic injury or ligation of the vas deferens; ejaculatory duct stenosis and other congenital mouth. 
(3) of varicocele in male infertility, the incidence of varicocele as high as 20% ~ 35%, using internal spermatic vein ligation treatment, some patients can restore fertility. 
(4) organic sexual dysfunction, including those resulting from the penis of serious trauma, pelvic fracture, vascular factors (such as arteriovenous fistula) or a neurological disease caused by impotence, and some caused by organic disease in patients with retrograde ejaculation. 

Proper treatment of male infertility diagnosis on the premise that a clear and correct.  Male infertility treatment, should find out the cause, in order to prescribe the right medicine. 
To cure male infertility, subject to the following principles:
(1) Gaidiao bad habits, increase physical patients should stop smoking, alcohol, spicy bogey of the goods, the laws of daily life to develop good, better nutrition, for moderate exercise.
(2) have a good couple with the appropriate, effective and harmonious sex life. Avoid hasty treatment of infertility, couples the two sides should cooperate closely, adhere to determine the wife's ovulation period, both before and after ovulation due to increase in frequency of intercourse to increase chances of conceiving.
(3) to comply with doctor's guidance for rational treatment of infertility is a refractory disease, avoid hearsay, oral intake of tonic. Should be reasonable treatment under the guidance of a specialist.  Patients suitable for surgery should be carried out surgical treatment, appropriate medical treatment of patients should adhere to medication.  When necessary, artificial insemination and other advanced methods.  Truthfully in the treatment of hopelessness, can be handled in accordance with legal procedures for adoption.

Treatment of male infertility by 3 months of a course of treatment is based on in vitro sperm from generation to discharge about 90 days based on the determined. 
Human spermatogenesis can be divided into six periods each has a specific time period and cell combination to form a six year cycle, the human experience of spermatogenesis takes about four and a half cycles, each cycle lasted 16 days due to , the enemy is about 70 days during spermatogenesis.  After the occurrence of sperm in the epididymis also need micro-environment, fully mature sperm in the epididymis of different animals, the running time are also different, the chicken for 2 to 4 days, sheep, 9 ~ 14 days, mice for 8 days, man-made 19 ~ 23 days.
Thus, from generation to mature sperm removed from the body after about 90 days, just about 3 months.  Thus, patients receiving drug treatment to refrain from worry or think drugs ineffective, adhere to medication after 3 months to appear effective. 

The purpose of treatment of immune infertility is to enable the body to reduce the titer of anti-sperm antibodies, or even to make anti-sperm antibodies disappear, and thus may be a normal sperm-egg binding, pregnancy had children. 
Western medicine treatment is the use of condoms so that sperm and the woman disengagement, will not produce a new anti-sperm antibodies, the original antibody gradually disappear.  This process was rather long, at least about six months.  Also works with low-dose oral corticosteroids, immuno-suppression, such as prednisone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, are generally about even serving more than 3 months.
In recent years, Chinese medicine in the treatment of immune infertility, the clinical exploration and summary through accumulated much experience, showing some advantages. Chinese medicine treatment of immune infertility treatment methods are commonly used in kidney Ziyin law, Qingrejiedu law, stasis law, Lishi Huazhuo law, spleen expectorant France and many other. These treatments within the medication-based, easy, no hormonal side effects caused by long-term use safe and effective to shorten the course of treatment.Therefore, Chinese medicine treatment of immune infertility promising, should be carefully reviewed to improve.

Although the causes of male infertility complexity and diversity, but there are a number of male infertility can be prevented and avoided.
First of all, we must actively prevent various hazards male fertility, infectious diseases, such as mumps, sexually transmitted diseases.  Secondly, from the onset of puberty do sex and health education to understand the physiological characteristics of male reproductive organs and health measures, unexplained testicular swelling, hardening, uneven surfaces, pain should be vigilant, if found should be timely treatment. Third, we must strengthen the sense of self-protection, in particular, should act as a job protection, such as frequent contact with the staff of radioactive material, high-temperature workshops and contact poison large numbers of personnel, to operate strictly in accordance with the provisions and protection charter operations, avoid negligent; to attention to the protection of testicular and other reproductive organs, to avoid prolonged riding a bicycle, hot bubble bath in order to avoid testicular damage; should quit drinking. Fourth, we should do pre-marital check the work can be found by examining the developmental abnormalities, genital defects of the cases, thus avoiding the pain of marriage.  Fifth, in the married life should complement each other, mutual understanding, or prone to impotence, premature ejaculation or sexual dysfunction, abnormal ejaculation, severe cases cause infertility. 
Infertility is not the main reason for reduction in the number of sperm 00-6-18 
US-China Medical Network (www.uschinahealth.com)'s comprehensive report, according to June 3 issue of "Lancet" magazine reports, the United Kingdom between 1991-1993, scholars want to become pregnant 1540 male and female (including pregnant person or spouse ) to investigate.  Found in the United Kingdom, from the hope of pregnancy to reduce the tendency of formal pregnancy periods. 
In recent years, due to "environmental hormones" such as environmental pollution, significantly reduced the number of male sperm and infertile couples are increasingly.  This problem in the United Kingdom is very serious. Nevertheless, the survey showed that in 14 months to the proportion of pregnancies in recent years has increased.  If between 1961-1965 the number of a unit, 1991-1993 were male and between the ratio of 1.72, women 1.44. In other words, from the hope of pregnancy to the official time to pregnancy was not extended, but has been shortened. Therefore, the experts believe that the reduction in the number of sperm is not the main cause of infertility.

one.reproductive system infections
1, acute infection, acute testicular inflammation, Vesiculitis, urethritis, prostatitis, etc., can affect the function, sperm quality and delivery channels problem.
2, chronic infection by tuberculosis, gonorrhea, syphilis caused the generation of sperm, or made obstacles.
Second, sexual dysfunction 
Impotence, non-ejaculation, reverse ejaculation, and so can not make sperm into the vagina, and this is the most obvious reason for male infertility.
three, sperm problems
Azoospermia, oligospermia, low sperm motility and dead sperm disorders are the main cause of infertility, the general situation is that the sperm in 1 ml of semen in less than 20 million, the fertilization rate is significantly reduced, if no not to mention pregnant.
four, genital dysplasia
1, penis congenital hypoplasia, non-sperm injection.
2, urinary tract congenital anomalies, a narrow and so on, so that sperm can not enter the vagina, resulting in infertility. 
3, testicular abnormalities, ectopic, have reduced quality of sperm, but not conception.

Dong's Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shijiazhuang Tel :0311-88468620